İSHALLİ NEONATAL BUZAĞILARDA ROTAVİRUS, CORONAVİRUS, E. COLİ K99 VE CRYPTOSPORİDİUM PARVUM'UN HIZLI TEST KİTLERİ İLE TEŞHİSİ VE BU HASTALIKLARIN MATERNAL İMMÜNİTE İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI - AL, MURAT (Fırat Üniveristesi, 2012)
Buzağı ishalleri, neonatal dönemde yüksek mortalite ve morbiditesi nedeniyle, sığır yetiştiriciliğinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan hastalıklardan birisidir. Bu çalışma, neonatal ishalli buzağılarda, ishalin en önemli nedenlerinden olan rotavirus, coronavirus, E.coli F5 (K99) ve Cryptosporidium'un hızlı test kitleriyle tespit edilmesi, neonatal buzağılarda ishal ile serum IgA ve IgG düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Çalışmanın materyalini Mart - Haziran 2011 tarihlerinde F.Ü. Hayvan Hastanesi Kliniklerine getirilen veya Elazığ merkez ve ilçelerinden temin edilen, akut ishalli, 1-28 günlük, 30 buzağı oluşturmuştur.Gaita örneklerinde rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium ve E. coli F5 tespiti, ticari in vitro Rapid Diagnostic Test ile yapılmıştır. Serum immunoglobulinlerin konsantrasyonlarının, ticari Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) test kiti ile belirlenmiştir.Araştırmada, ishalli buzağıların 9'unda (%30) rotavirus, 4'ünde ( %13) coronavirus, 5'inde (%17) E. coli F5, 2'sinde (%6) miksenfeksiyon, 10'unda (%33) diğer nedenlere bağlı ishal saptanmıştır. Çalışmada Cryptosporidium tespit edilmemiştir. Neonatal ishalli buzağıların yaş gruplarına göre dağılımları 1. haftada 15 (% 50), 2. haftada 5 (% 17), 3. haftada 6 (% 20) ve 4. haftada 4 (% 13) adet olarak belirlenmiştir. Klinik dehidrasyon ve depresyon değerlendirmelerine göre 30 buzağıdan 11'inin hafif, 5'inin orta ve 14'ünün de şiddetli derecede etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Serum IgA düzeyleri rotaviruslu buzağıların 2'sinde 350 mg/dl'den yüksek, 5'inde 80-350 mg/dl kısmi normal, 2'sinde 80 mg/dl'den aşağı, coronaviruslu buzağıların 2'sinde 350 mg/dl'den yüksek, 2'sinde 80-350 mg/dl kısmi normal, E. coli'li buzağıların 2'sinde 350 mg/dl'den yüksek, 2'sinde 80-350 mg/dl kısmi normal, 1'inde 80 mg/dl'den aşağı, miks enfeksiyonlu buzağıların 2'sinde 80-350 mg/dl kısmi normal saptanmıştır. Serum IgG düzeyleri rotaviruslu buzağıların 1'inde 1600 mg/dl'den yüksek, 4'ünde 800-1600 mg/dl kısmi normal, 4'ünde 800 mg/dl'den aşağı, coronaviruslu buzağıların 1'inde 800-1600 mg/dl kısmi normal, 3'ünde 800 mg/dl'den aşağı, E. coli'li buzağıların 2'sinde 800-1600 mg/dl kısmi normal, 3'ünde 800 mg/dl'den aşağı, miks enfeksiyonlu buzağıların 2'sinde 800 mg/dl'den aşağı bulunmuştur.İshalli buzağılarda özellikle hızlı sonuç veren test tekniklerinin de pratik teşhiste kullanılmasının yararlı olacağı aşikardır. Enfeksiyonların tanısının kısa sürede gerçekleştirilmesi, tedavi şansını artırması ve hayvan sahiplerini buzağı ölümlerinden dolayı oluşabilecek büyük ekonomik kayıplardan kurtaracaktır

Calf diarrhea is one of the important diseases that cause economic losses in cattle breeding due to high mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period. In this study, rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli F5 (K99) and Cryptosporidium which are the most important causes of diarrhea in calves with diarrhea in the neonatal period were performed to detect with rapid test kits and to determine the relationships between neonatal diarrhea and serum IgA and IgG levels.30 calves with acute diarrhea aging between 1 and 28 day were brought to F.U. Animal Hospital clinics or included to the study in Elazig center and its districts from March to June 2011.Detection of rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium and E. coli F5 in stool samples was made with commercial in-vitro Rapid Diagnostic Test. Determination of serum concentrations of immunoglobulins was determined by commercial Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) test kit.In this study, rotavirus in 9 (30%), coronavirus in 4 (13%), and E. coli F5 in 5 (17%), mix-infection in 2 (6%), diarrhea due to other causes in 10 (33%) of diarrheic calves were identified. Cryptosporidium was not detected in any of diarrheic calves used in this study. In 15 (50%) in the first week, in 5 (17%) in 2nd week, in 6 (20%) in 3rd week and in 4 (13%) in 4th week of calves in diarrhea cases when prevalence of diarrheic neonatal calves were analyzed according to age group was determined to be widespread. It was found to affect by a mild diarrhea of 11 of 30 calves, by a moderate diarrhea of 5 of that 30, by a severe diarrhea of 14 of that 30 according to clinical evaluation of depression and dehydration. It was found that serum IgA levels were higher than 350 mg/dl in 2 of calves with rotavirus, a partial normal between 80 and 350 mg/dl in 5 of them and lower than 80 mg/dl in 2 of them; higher than 350 mg/dl in 2 of calves with coronavirus calves, a partial normal between 80 and 350 mg/dl in 2 of them; higher than 350 mg/dl in 2 of calves with E. coli, a partial normal between 80 and 350 mg/dl in 2 of them and lower than 80 mg/dl in 1 of them; lower than 800 mg/dl in 2 of mix-infected calves. It was found that serum IgG levels were more than 1600 mg/dl in 1 of calves with rotavirus, a partially normal between 800 and 1600 mg/dl in four of them and lower than 800 mg/dl in four of them; a partially normal between 800 and 1600 mg/dl in 1 of calves with coronavirus calves and lower than 800 mg/dl in 3 of them; a partially normal between 800 and 1600 mg/dl in 2 of calves with E. coli and lower than 800 mg/dl in 3 of them; in 2 of mix-infected calves lower than 800 mg/dl.It is quite clear that the use of the test techniques which quickly result in the practical diagnosis is especially useful in cases of diarrhea in calves. Because a rapid diagnosis of such infections can reduce the mortality, the increases the chances of treatment and thus animal breeders will save on the large economic losses that may occur due to calf deaths.
Determination of rotavirus, coronavirus, e. coli k99, cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal calves with diarrhea by rapid diagnostic test kits and investigation of relationship between these diseases and maternal immunity.
Keywords: Veteriner Hekimliği