Rotavirus and adenovirus frequency in acute gastroenteric diseases

Abstract

Objective: Acute gastroenteritis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity, especially in pediatric patients. Furthermore, it is a public health problem that increases health spending in the economic. Rotavirus and Adenovirus induced gastroenteritis is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhea worldwide in young children. In this study, it was aimed to determine the distribution of Adenovirus and Rotavirus frequency according to sex, age and season in acute gastroenteritis patients who applied to our hospital. Methods: Stool specimens with suspected acute gastroenteritis, sent from different clinics and policlinics to Elazig University of Health Sciences Education and Research Hospital Medical Microbiology laboratory between the dates of 1 December 2015 and 30 November 2017 were investigated. The results of the Rotavirus and Adenovirus antigen test stool specimens were analyzed retrospectively. A qualitative immunochromotographic combo fast cassette test (ACRO BIOTECH, USA) kit was used for the Rotavirus and Adenovirus antigen test. Results: Of the 6618 samples, 631 (9.5%) were positive for Rotavirus and 170 (2.6%) were positive for Adenovirus. When Adenovirus and Rotavirus positivity rates were examined, it was seen that there was no difference according to sex. Rotavirus was detected more frequently in the winter season and Adenovirus was detected more in the summer. When the distribution of viral antigen positivity rates according to age groups is examined; the highest positivity rate in our study was found in Rotavirus 12.9% at between 0-12 months, 11.1% at between13-24 months, and Adenovirus 3.7% at the interval of 0-12 months. Conclusion: Rotavirus infection, which is mainly responsible for acute diarrhea, increases in winter but Adenovirus infection increases in summer. We also observed that Rotavirus infection was the most common in winter and Adenovirus infection most common in summer time. In the present study, incidence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus infections was also highest in patients under three years old. In addition, more patients were admitted to our hospital in 2017 than in 2016. It is important to be diagnosed quickly in terms of prevent the complications and unnecessary use of antibiotics which are cause of Adenovirus and Rotavirus infection when we consider the acute gastroenteritis frequency for our region. © 2020 Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency (RSNPHA).