EEG-based driving fatigue detection using multilevel feature extraction and iterative hybrid feature selection

Abstract

Brain activities can be evaluated by using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. One of the primary reasons for traffic accidents is driver fatigue, which can be identified by using EEG signals. This work aims to achieve a highly accurate and straightforward process to detect driving fatigue by using EEG signals. Two main problems, which are feature generation and feature selection, are defined to achieve this aim. This work solves these problems by using two different approaches. Deep networks are efficient feature generators and extract features in low, medium, and high levels. These features can be generated by using multileveled or multilayered feature extraction. Therefore, we proposed a multileveled feature generator that uses a one-dimensional binary pattern (BP) and statistical features together, and levels are created using a one-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (1D-DWT). A five-level fused feature extractor is presented by using BP, statistical features of 1D-DWT together. Moreover, a 2-layered feature selection method is proposed using ReliefF and iterative neighborhood component analysis (RFINCA) to solve the feature selection problem. The goals of the RFINCA are to choose the optimal number of features automatically and use the effectiveness of ReliefF and neighborhood component analysis (NCA) together. A driving fatigue EEG dataset was used as a testbed to denote the effectiveness of eighteen conventional classifiers. According to the experimental results, a highly accurate EEG classification approach is presented. The proposed method also reached 100.0% classification accuracy by using a k-nearest neighborhood classifier.