PROGRESSES IN RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION RESEARCHES

Abstract

There are are different means of radioactive contamination such as nuclear fuel fabrication, mining, milling enrichment and conversion of uranium, reactor operation or meltdown, nuclear fuel reprocessing, nuclear materials transport, satellite nuclear power source, nuclear propulsion, weapons production and formerly utilized sites, nuclear bomb accidents, plutonium fabrication, tritium production, fusion reactors, industrial uses, radioisotope production, irradiation facilities, industrial processing and mining which enrich natural radionuclides, breaks in retaining walls at tailing sites, medical radioisotopes and the radionuclide release on the Earth's surface. According to various studies although such contamination is smaller than the internationally permitted radioactivity standards, it gains significance day by day and hence presents one of the potentially developing disciplines in the years to come. Discovery of the radioactivity brought a new and potential research improvement into the scientific arena with its various aspects. Although promising results are at the service of humanity, in general, there are also negative results such as radioactive contamination which might threaten the whole worldwide. In this section, radioactive contamination research developments are reviewed and new ways are paved for further researches and discussions. Along these lines the section includes a sequence of basic titles as Radiation and Radioactivity, Fundemental Radionuclides Characteristics, Radioactive Contamination Researches, Sampling, Monitoring, Measurements, Assessment and Modeling, in addition to, new studies a on radioactive contamination from a general point of view.