Optimization of Slope Angles of Photovoltaic Arrays for Different Seasons

Abstract

Solar energy has several advantages, such as abundance, renewability, and lack of pollution. Earth's movement around its axis and the solar system causes different seasons in a year. The optimal installation angle of a fixed photovoltaic (PV) array is obtained for different periods and latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The optimal slope angle can be predicted by calculating the sunlight duration. Turkey has a significant solar energy potential, but for its optimal exploitation, different insolation levels across the country must be accounted for. As the incidence angle of sunlight varies over time, an important parameter affecting the efficiency of a PV array is its slope angle relative to the horizontal surface. A mathematical model for identifying the optimal slope angle and orientation of PV arrays in some cities across Turkey is proposed in this chapter. Thus, the output power of a PV array is maximized. The model provides a method for calculating a monthly optimal slope angle that accounts for the seasonal and geographic variations. The results obtained through calculation are promising. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.