Elazığ ili domates alanlarında fungal hastalıkların yaygınlığı ve şiddetinin saptanması

Abstract

Çalışma, Elazığ ilinde 2012-2014 yılları arasında, domates alanlarında görülen fungal hastalıkların yaygınlık oranını ve hastalık şiddetini tespit etmek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Sörvey çalışmaları fide dikiminden itibaren Mart ve Eylül ayları arasında Elazığ Merkez’de Gedikyolu, Salkaya ve Sarıkamış; Kovancılar’da Akmezra ve Baskil’de Gemici köyleri olmak üzere 5 köyde toplam 4.852 dekar alanda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastalıkla bulaşık domates yapraklarından fungusların saf izolatları elde edilmiş ve teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca sörvey yapılan domates ekim alanlarında fungal hastalık etmenlerinin yaygınlık oranı ve hastalık şiddeti değerleri de saptanmıştır. İzolasyon çalışmaları sonucunda; 642 adet domates bitki örneklerinden 387 adet izolat elde edilmiş ve 14 adet fungal patojenin teşhisi yapılmıştır. Sürvey çalışmalarına göre domates köklerinde fungal hastalık etmenlerin yaygınlık oranı; Rhizoctonia solani (%20.27), R. tuliparum (%19.40), Fusarium solani (%17.42), Colletotrichum coccodes (%16.66), Rhizopus stolonifer (%13.79) ve Phoma destructiva (%11.96) olarak belirlenmiştir. Domates yapraklarında fungal hastalık etmenlerin yaygınlık oranı; Alternaria alternata (%27.23), Septoria lycopersici (%25.27), Leveillula taurica (%19.44), Stemphylium solani (%17.81), Botrytis cinerea (%17.39), Phytophthora infestans (%15.70), Cladosporium fulvum (%11.23) ve Ulocladium atrum (%6.27) olarak saptanmıştır. Domates köklerinde fungal hastalık etmenlerin hastalık şiddeti; R. solani (%43.3), R. stolonifer (%38.1), F. solani (%37.1), P. destructiva (%33.7), C. coccodes (%15.9), R. tuliparum (%14.7) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Domates yapraklarında fungal hastalık etmenlerinin hastalık şiddeti ise; A. alternata (%47.5), S. solani (%40.1), C. fulvum (%29.9), S. lycopersici (%25.0), B. cinerea (%22.2), P. infestans (%21.0), U. atrum (%17.3) ve Leveillula taurica (%17.1) olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Elazığ ili domates ekim alanlarında fungal hastalık etmenlerinin ortalama yaygınlık oranı %17.67 ve ortalama hastalık şiddeti %28.66 olarak saptanırken, hastalık oranının A. alternata, R. solani ve L. taurica’da en yaygın, hastalık şiddetinin ise A. alternata, R. Solani ve S. Solani’de en yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. The study is carried out in Elazig province between the years 2012-2014 with the prevalence of fungal disease in tomato fields and in order to determine the severity of the disease. Surveys were carried out between March and September, from the beginning seedling planting, in Gedikyolu, Salkaya and Sarıkamış in Elazıg Center, Akmezra in Kovancılar and Gemici villagers in Baskil, a total of 4.852 decare in area were realized in 5 villages. Pure isolates of fungi from diseased tomato leaves were obtained and diagnosed. In addition, prevalence rates and disease severity values of fungal disease agents were also determined in the cultivation areas of tomatoes surveyed. As a result of isolation studies;387 isolates were obtained from 642 tomato plant samples and 14 fungal pathogens were diagnosed. The prevalence rate of fungal disease agents in tomato roots according to survey studies; Rhizoctonia solani (20.27%), R. tuliparum (19.40%), Fusarium solani (17.42%),Colletotrichum coccodes (16.66%), Rhizopus stolonifer (13.79%) and Phoma destructiva (11.96%) was determined as. The prevalence rate of fungal disease agents on the tomato leaves; Alternaria alternata (27.23%), Septoria lycopersici (25.27%), Leveillula taurica (19.44%), Stemphylium solani (17.81%), Botrytis cinerea (17.39%), Phytophthora infestans (15.70%), Cladosporium fulvum (11.23%) and Ulocladium atrum (6.27%) was determined. Severity of fungal disease agents in tomato roots; R. solani (43.3%), R. stolonifer is (38.1%), F. solani (37.1%), P. destructiva (33.7%), C. coccodes (15.9%), R. tuliparum (14.7%) have been determined. Severity of fungal disease agents on the tomato leaves; A. alternata (47.5%), S. solani (40.1%), C. fulvum (29.9%), S. lycopersici (25.0%) B. cinerea (22.2%), P. infestans (21.0%), U. atrum (17.3%) and Leveillula taurica (17.1%) was determined. As a result; the average prevalence rate of fungal disease agents 17.67% and average fungal disease severity 28.66% was determined in tomato planting areas Elazig province. The most common fungal disease agents highest prevalence rate of in tomato planting areas of Elazig are A. alternata, R. solani and L. taurica. The most common fungal disease severity of was determined as A. alternata, R. solani and S. solani.The study is carried out in Elazig province between the years 2012-2014 with the prevalence of fungal disease in tomato fields and in order to determine the severity of the disease. Surveys were carried out between March and September, from the beginning seedling planting, in Gedikyolu, Salkaya and Sarıkamış in Elazıg Center, Akmezra in Kovancılar and Gemici villagers in Baskil, a total of 4.852 decare in area were realized in 5 villages. Pure isolates of fungi from diseased tomato leaves were obtained and diagnosed. In addition, prevalence rates and disease severity values of fungal disease agents were also determined in the cultivation areas of tomatoes surveyed. As a result of isolation studies;387 isolates were obtained from 642 tomato plant samples and 14 fungal pathogens were diagnosed. The prevalence rate of fungal disease agents in tomato roots according to survey studies; Rhizoctonia solani (20.27%), R. tuliparum (19.40%), Fusarium solani (17.42%), Colletotrichum coccodes (16.66%), Rhizopus stolonifer (13.79%) and Phoma destructiva (11.96%) was determined as. The prevalence rate of fungal disease agents on the tomato leaves; Alternaria alternata (27.23%), Septoria lycopersici (25.27%), Leveillula taurica (19.44%), Stemphylium solani (17.81%), Botrytis cinerea (17.39%), Phytophthora infestans (15.70%), Cladosporium fulvum (11.23%) and Ulocladium atrum (6.27%) was determined. Severity of fungal disease agents in tomato roots; R. solani (43.3%), R. stolonifer is (38.1%), F. solani (37.1%), P. destructiva (33.7%), C. coccodes (15.9%), R. tuliparum (14.7%) have been determined. Severity of fungal disease agents on the tomato leaves; A. alternata (47.5%), S. solani (40.1%), C. fulvum (29.9%), S. lycopersici (25.0%) B. cinerea (22.2%), P. infestans (21.0%), U. atrum (17.3%) and Leveillula taurica (17.1%) was determined. As a result; the average prevalence rate of fungal disease agents 17.67% and average fungal disease severity 28.66% was determined in tomato planting areas Elazig province. The most common fungal disease agents highest prevalence rate of in tomato planting areas of Elazig are A. alternata, R. solani and L. taurica. The most common fungal disease severity of was determined as A. alternata, R. solani and S. solani.