Natural convection of three-dimensional non-Newtonian nanofluids with Marangoni effects and inclined magnetic fields

Abstract

Based on the various applications of the influence of the magnetic field in the convection flow especially in the inclined case, a very large number of published investigations can be found. Nevertheless, those studies were devoted to the case of two-dimensional included magnetic fields. For the three-dimensional (3D, for short) case, there are no attempts to examine these impacts. To this end, this investigation aims to present a formulation for the inclined magnetic field in case of the 3D non-Newtonian power-law nanofluids flow under the Marangoni effects. The basic aide is depending on introducing three inclination angles with X -, Y -,and Z-axis for the magnetic strength, namely, eta(x), eta(y) and eta(y), respectively. These angles satisfy the mathematical relation cos(2)eta(x) + cos(2)eta(y) + cos(2)eta(z) = 1. The flow domain is considered as 3D cubic enclosures with a top free surface that has linear distributions of the tension as a function in the concentration and temperature. The finite volume (FV) technique with 3D SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) technique is used to treat the mathematical formulations. The major findings disclosed that the inclination angles 0-90-90 and 45-90-45 give the higher double-diffusive comparing to the other values of the inclination angles. During variation of the inclination angles, the average Nusselt number; Nu(av) has a rate of changes up to 13.21% while the average Sherwood number; Sh(av) reaches 380.21%.