A Hybrid Model with Quantum Feature Map Based on CNN and Vision Transformer for Clinical Support in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis is crucial for patient health and management, and the diagnostic process can be prolonged due to varying clinical symptoms and limitations of diagnostic tools. This study aims to shorten the timeframe for these vital processes and increase accuracy by developing a quantum-inspired hybrid model to identify appendicitis types. Methods: The developed model initially selects the two most performing architectures using four convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and two Transformers (ViTs). Feature extraction is then performed from these architectures. Phase-based trigonometric embedding, low-order interactions, and norm-preserving principles are used to generate a Quantum Feature Map (QFM) from these extracted features. The generated feature map is then passed to the Multiple Head Attention (MHA) layer after undergoing Hadamard fusion. At the end of this stage, classification is performed using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) with a ReLU activation function, which allows for the identification of acute appendicitis types. The developed quantum-inspired hybrid model is also compared with six different CNN and ViT architectures recognized in the literature. Results: The proposed quantum-inspired hybrid model outperformed the other models used in the study for acute appendicitis detection. The accuracy achieved in the proposed model was 97.96%. Conclusions: While the performance metrics obtained from the quantum-inspired model will form the basis of deep learning architectures for quantum technologies in the future, it is thought that if 6G technology is used in medical remote interventions, it will form the basis for real-time medical interventions by taking advantage of quantum speed.